Why Does God Allow Evil and Suffering?

The problem of evil is one of the most challenging questions faced by people of faith. If God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and perfectly good, then why is there so much evil and suffering in the world? This question takes many forms, but it always boils down to the same issue: if God exists and is good, why does He allow evil?

Three Versions of the Problem of Evil

There are three main versions of the problem of evil that are often discussed in philosophy and theology.

The Logical Problem of Evil (Epicurus)

This argument asks why we should call God "God" if He is either unwilling or unable to prevent evil. If God is all-powerful and all-good, shouldn’t He prevent evil? The argument goes: If God cannot prevent evil, then He is not all-powerful. If He is unwilling to prevent evil, then He is not good. If He is neither willing nor able, why should we call Him God?

The Evidential Problem of Evil

This version builds on the idea that an all-knowing, perfectly good God would prevent evil unless allowing it would bring about a greater good or prevent a worse evil. Since there are examples of evil that God could prevent without sacrificing a greater good or allowing a worse evil, it suggests that an all-powerful, all-knowing, perfectly good God does not exist.

The Christian Version of the Problem of Evil

This is the version that many believers wrestle with personally: “Why, God, did you allow this to happen? How can this be part of your plan for us?” It’s the cry of the heart that struggles to understand the purpose of suffering in our lives.

What Are Some of the Possible Responses to the Problem of Evil?

Several worldviews attempt to offer answers to the problem of evil, though none of them fully satisfy the Christian understanding.

How Does Buddhism Respond to the Problem of Evil?

Buddhism teaches that suffering arises from change, which results from karma. We can’t know why suffering happens, but we are encouraged to improve the world through good works. While this perspective offers a way to respond to suffering, it doesn’t give a meaningful answer to why evil exists in the first place.

Is It Time to Redefine Evil?

Some try to argue that evil isn’t truly evil but is actually good in disguise. This approach often seems to minimize or ignore the real pain and suffering that people endure and doesn’t provide a satisfying explanation for why evil exists.

What Is the Free Will Defense?

The free-will defense argues that God allows evil because He values human freedom. In order to give humanity free will, God allowed evil to exist, since true love and goodness can only come from free choices. While this answer appeals to the importance of free will, it doesn’t explain the deeper reasons behind why God would allow such a fallen world.

The Answer to the Problem of Evil: God Has a Morally Sufficient Reason

While the above answers are often inadequate, the Christian faith offers a more satisfying understanding of the problem of evil. The Bible presents three main perspectives that help explain why God allows evil.

The "Shut-Up Defense" (Romans 9:20)

This defense recognizes that God is sovereign and that we, as His creation, don’t have the right to question Him. His ways are higher than ours, and we must trust in His wisdom, even when we can’t understand His reasons. While this answer might feel unsatisfying to some, it’s important to recognize the ultimate authority of God and His right to allow things that we may not fully comprehend.

The "Greater-Good Defense" (Genesis 50:20; Romans 8:28):

God can bring good out of evil. In the story of Joseph, his brothers’ evil actions were used by God to bring about a greater good—saving many lives during a time of famine. Romans 8:28 assures us that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, even if we can’t immediately see how He is using our suffering.

The "Soul-Building Defense" (John 14:17; Romans 8:29)

Suffering also serves a purpose in shaping our character. It draws us closer to God and helps us grow spiritually. Through suffering, God builds our faith and strengthens our dependence on Him, as we are conformed more into the image of Christ.

Reflecting on the Problem of Evil

While the problem of evil remains a mystery in many ways, it is clear from Scripture that God has a good reason for allowing evil in the world. He uses it to bring about greater goods and to build our souls. If we truly believe that God has a morally sufficient reason for everything that happens in the world, we must also ask ourselves: What does that mean for my life? How has God used evil in the past for good in my life, or comforted me through difficult situations?

Disclaimer:

This article was generated by AI and is based on lessons written by Joel Settecase for a forthcoming Biblical Worldview curriculum. While the content has been adapted for clarity and accessibility, the original teachings and insights reflect the author's intent to provide a biblical perspective on key issues related to faith and worldview.